The problem is solved!
There was another top-up transaction:
Transaction amount: 385.40 USD
Fee: 13.49 USD
Total amount: 398.89 USD
Payment method: XXXXXX-1797
Merchant: PARAM/ *TRENDYOL
Category: Miscellaneous and Specialty Retail Stores
Authorization code: 660633542
So when Payoneer has submitted my chargeback request to MasterCard, Payoneer immediately refunded the disputed amount to me (but did not notify me), and then created another transaction in the opposite direction by blocking the same amount on my balance (that is why I did not notice the refund transaction).
Then Trendyol refunded the the stolen tablet's price to me (thanks to Payoneer).
And then the blocked amount was passed to Payoneer.
