- Each Pod is assigned a unique IP address for each address family.
- Every container in a Pod shares the network namespace, including the IP address and network ports.
| Inside a Pod | Outside a Pod | |
|---|---|---|
| Network namespace | Containers share the same network namespace, IP address, and port space. | Containers have distinct IP addresses and separate network namespaces. |
| Communication method | Containers communicate with each other via localhost. | Containers must use IP networking to communicate. |
| IPC (Inter-process Communication) | Containers can use SystemV semaphores or POSIX shared memory for communication. | OS-level IPC is not possible between Pods without special configuration. |
| Hostname | The system hostname is the same for all containers in the Pod (configured as the Pod's hostname). | Each Pod has its own distinct hostname. |
| Port management | Containers share the same port space and must coordinate usage within the Pod. | Each Pod manages its own port space; no conflict between Pods unless specific networking configurations apply. |
In this version, the key differences between the two contexts are emphasized by using bold formatting for clarity.