How to workaround «This extension was turned off because it's no longer supported» in Google Chrome 140, 141, 142 for extensions based on Manifest V2?

Disable the ExtensionManifestV2Disabled and ExtensionManifestV2Unsupported Chromium features via the --disable-features command-line flag:

--disable-features=ExtensionManifestV2Unsupported,ExtensionManifestV2Disabled

How do I set up command-line flags for Google Chrome in Windows?